top of page

The Space Race

SECRET

A collection documenting the early days of U.S. space policy amidst a bipolar world.

This Department of State Airgram from November 19th, 1962, proposes America’s position on space for the UN’s 17th General Assembly. Much of the document grapples with the principle that space must be used for peaceful purposes – and how the U.S. and the Soviet Union differ on their definition of “peaceful’, especially regarding the use of satellite imagery. The author outlines the limits to the U.S. 's capacity for diplomatic compromises as the Soviet Union demanded legislation that would hinder the U.S. space program. Despite pessimism regarding the Soviet position, the document also strikes a hopeful tone on the use of the UN as a forum for space policy, as it allowed for unique multilateral collaboration during the Cold War.

Screenshot 2025-09-11 at 3.18.32 PM.png
Screenshot 2025-09-11 at 4.11.33 PM.png
Screenshot 2025-09-11 at 4.20.32 PM.png

In this letter to the Secretary of State, most likely Roger Tubby (Former Representative of the United States to the European Office of the United Nations) describes the protocol for recovering both astronauts and space equipment originating from a foreign nation. This document is noteworthy because it represents the opportunity for unprecedented neutrality and collaboration in space that if foreign to Earth. The document declares that foreign astronauts be treated as one’s own during a rescue operation, most lost equipment will be returned to the country of origin (except for various intelligence-gathering devices), and states shall search for astronauts who have made an emergency descent on the high seas.

Screenshot 2025-09-11 at 4.22.36 PM.png

Second Phase

Disarmament negotiations under the auspices of the UN and correspondence between President Eisenhower and Chairmen Bulganin and Khrushchev

Phase two commenced with the U.S. proposal at the UN in 1958 that the question of the peaceful uses of outer space be separated from that of disarmament.

Beginning in fall 1961, space policy saw a breakthrough in the development of international cooperation in peaceful uses, including  a specific project with the USSR.

First Phase

Third Phase

1957 - 1958

1961

1958 - 1961

Screenshot 2025-09-14 at 4.08.24 PM.png

SECRET

About This Site

The Center for Russian, East European, and Eurasian Studies in partnership with the University of Texas at Austin Libraries has been working on this digitization project since 2014. Our curated digitized collection of Cold War archives includes the Country Files for Czechoslovakia, Poland, Romania, Yugoslavia, and Albania from the National Security Files (NSF) collection from the Lyndon Baines Johnson Presidential Library's archival collections. We will continue adding new content, including the country files for Hungary, Bulgaria, and the USSR, which are coming soon. Contributors to the creation of this website and the digitized collection include Dr. Mary Neuburger (director of the project), Ian Goodale, Dr. Tetiana Klynina, Alayna Parlevleit, Nick Pierce, Eliza Fisher, Sarth Khare, Nilcole Marino, Mary Rader, Esmeralda Moscatelli and students from the Russian, East European, and Eurasian Studies program at UT Austin. Images used on the site are sourced from the LBJ Presidential Library's online photo archive, Wikimedia Commons, and other sources as noted. The background collages on the main page and the country pages are mostly from the English-language Communist-era glossy magazines produced in the region, now housed in the UT Libraries and Dr. Neuburger's private collection.

​

Home page image: Soviet Ambassador Anatoly Dobrynin informs President Lyndon B. Johnson of the Soviet and Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968 to crush the Prague Spring reformist movement. (Photo by © CORBIS/Corbis via Getty Images)

bottom of page